1, the analysis of power transmission line monitoring needs

输电线路在线监测的需求分析 

   With the rapid development of economy, all walks of life are increasing demand for power is more big, provide the quality of power supply of the power supply department (stability, uninterrupted and accompanying service) requirements are increasingly high, so the safety of power grid operation of long distance high voltage transmission line is very important.

随着国民经济的高速发展，各行各业对电力的需求量越来越大，对供电部门提供电力供应的质量（稳定性、不间断性及伴随服务）要求也越来越高，因此远距离高压输电线路的电网运行的安全性显得尤为重要。 

  

The geographical environment, climate conditions of long distance high voltage transmission lines are more severe, especially in the winter, due to low temperatures, high humidity, wire on long time node icing, and with the extension of the lower the temperature and time of low temperature, the thickness of the ice cover is more and more big, and the resulting weight load to the high-voltage wire the greater the total weight of the ice cover, when the large to strength limit over wires, which will cause serious consequences to break the cable and tower collapse.
With incomplete statistics, the domestic power industry every year due to the reasons of ice coating caused a broken cable accident, direct, indirect economic loss of cable breaking brought billions of rmb. At the same time, high voltage transmission line in the process of operation and maintenance there are in urgent need of solution:
1, fires caused by tripping circuit;
2, the insulator contamination flashover tripping caused by;
3, line caused by lightning stroke tripping.
Therefore, the extra high voltage transmission network and power companies have been looking for effective monitoring and management means, this project aiming at the abnormal phenomenon, through the wireless transmission mode of GPRS, real-time online monitoring the ice on transmission line, at the same time of wire insulator contamination, leakage current, lightning current, conductor temperature, environmental temperature and humidity and line corridor fires (environmental CO2 content), wind speed and rainfall field parameters such as real-time monitoring, provide line capacity redundancy and abnormal conditions of the warning line. By monitoring the effective parameters on the line, can greatly improve the safety and economic operation level of power line, and provide the necessary reference of condition based maintenance for transmission lines.

2, the principle of the image monitoring system
Analog video signal acquisition from a CCD camera through remote image data acquisition, and then the image data was coded and compressed into digital video data; expanded edition by 485 data collection, will lead the leakage current of high voltage transmission lines, the insulator contamination, lightning current, conductor temperature, environmental temperature and humidity, the line corridor fires (environmental CO2 content), the site wind speed and rainfall field data real-time acquisition and local cache. Finally, the picture and the field data to IP packet is sent to the image data monitoring server using GPRS wireless transmission module. Image data monitoring server and image data monitoring client are PC machine equipped with remote image monitoring server software and client software, they are all connected to the interconnection network, the remote data image collector without fixed IP address, so the client take the initiative to browse monitoring image and to set up the monitoring parameters are to transit through the server.

远距离高压输电线路所处的地理环境、气候条件比较恶劣，特别是在冬季，因气温较低，湿度较高，导线上长时间结有覆冰，而且随着气温的降低和低温时间的延长，覆冰的厚度越来越大，由此给高压导线带来的重量载荷越来越大，当覆冰的总重量大到超过导线的强度极限时，即会造成断缆进而塔架倒塌的严重后果。
   具不完全统计，国内电力行业每年因覆冰的原因造成断缆的事故时有发生，断缆带来的直接、间接经济损失达数十亿人民币。同时高压输电线路在运行及维护过程中还存在如下急切需要解决的问题：
1、 线路山火造成跳闸；
   2、绝缘子污秽造成污闪跳闸；
   3、线路受雷击造成跳闸。
   为此，各超高压输电网局及电力公司一直在寻找有效的监测管理手段，本项目针对上述异常现象，通过无线GPRS传输方式，对输电线路的覆冰情况进行实时在线监测，同时可对导线泄漏电流、绝缘子污秽、雷电电流、导线温度、环境温湿度、线路走廊山火（环境CO2含量）、现场风速雨量等参数进行实时监测，提供线路输送容量的冗度和线路异常状况的预警。通过对线路上各有效参数的监测，能够为大大提高输电线路的安全经济运行水平，并为输电线路的状态检修工作提供必要的参考. 
 
2、图像监控系统的原理     
通过远程数据图像采集器从CCD摄像机采集模拟视频信号，然后把图像数据进行编码和压缩成为数字视频数据；通过485数据采集扩展版，将高压传输线路的导线泄漏电流、绝缘子污秽、雷电电流、导线温度、环境温湿度、线路走廊山火（环境CO2含量）、现场风速雨量等现场数据实时采集并本地缓存。最后利用GPRS无线传输模块将图片及现场数据以IP包的方式发送到图像数据监控服务器。图像数据监控服务器和图像数据监控客户端分别是装有远程图像监控服务端软件和客户端软件的PC机，它们都连接在互连网络上，由于远程数据图像采集器没有固定的IP地址，所以客户端主动去浏览监控图像和设置监控参数都是通过服务器来中转的。 

 

Dispatch control center through the image data monitoring client real-time browsing observation site condition of each monitoring point, the system software based on the scene from the send pictures, data analysis and comparison of the realization of the abnormal phenomenon of early warning, control center staff once get early warning system, which make the corresponding emergency treatment, in order to ensure the safe operation of high voltage transmission line.

调度监控中心通过图像数据监控客户端实时浏览观测各监控点的现场情况，系统软件通过对从现场发送来的图片、数据分析比对实现异常现象预警，调度监控中心工作人员一旦得到系统预警信息，即作出相应的应急处理，以确保高压输电线路的安全运行。

3、The composition of the image monitor system  图像监控系统的组成  
 

The system is composed of three:
3.1. remote data image collector (client),
3.2. image monitoring server
3.3. image monitoring client.
系统由三部分组成:
3.1.远程数据图像采集器（下位机），
3.2.图像监控服务器
3.3.图像监控客户端。

4、Image monitoring system structure diagram 图像监控系统结构图
 

5、The characteristics of image monitoring system
Given the current lack of power equipment monitoring, theft is serious, image monitoring system of the development of this company, has the following 10 characteristics:
High resolution digital images with instant access
System with high stability, to ensure the normal operation of equipment
Distal to proximal shoot, controllable
Time data sampling
Clear infrared night vision function
Super cold, lens automatic defrosting function
Power management features
Solar power supply and convenient
Support the integration, scalability
Powerful image monitoring terminal
Night vision distance effect
Solar power supply and convenient
5.1, characteristics
System with high stability, to ensure the normal operation of equipment
Remote data image collector host chip is imported from Germany, the design of ARM embedded processor all devices using industrial grade, low power consumption, high stability; stable use in the software, the embedded Linux kernel version to streamline the operation system and have the file system write balanced, makes the system has the characteristics of stable performance, high safety and reliability, to meet the long time maintenance free, uninterrupted work demand.
5.2, characteristics
High resolution digital images with instant access
Effect picture
5.3, the characteristics of the three
High resolution infrared night vision function, practical and reliable
5.3, the characteristics of the four
Distal to proximal shoot, controllable
Image monitoring client connected to the Internet, through the transfer of real-time monitoring server to remote data image collector to send camera zoom, pan tilt angle deflection commands, to control the camera.
Figure 1, figure 2 were taken 10 meters away from the zoom white, night vision effect
5.5, the characteristics of the five
Time data sampling
Through online polling and emergency active upload way, in the control system management software, will be the site of a variety of data acquisition equipment to the distal real-time transmitted to monitoring center.
5.6, the characteristics of the six
The way of power supply and power management functions and convenient
5.7, the characteristics of the seven
Super cold, lens automatic defrosting function
Remote data image collector through the monitoring of ambient temperature can automatically adjust the working temperature of the equipment, effectively prevent the camera lens and cover frost.
5.8, the characteristics of the eight
Support the integration, scalability
Remote data image collector provides a standard communication interface rich (such as: network, RS232, RS485, USB and monitoring input terminals), with data acquisition, alarm and other external equipment integration, to achieve a variety of customized functional requirements; the system server adopts the architecture structure of open, can be conveniently from the data, service, application in many aspects such as system integration with third party applications, provides enhanced scalability support.
5.9, the characteristics of the nine
Network management center unified remote management of image monitoring terminal, to support the strong, has the function of electronic map
5.9.1, monitoring capacity
Support for remote data image collector up to thousands of units installed capacity and thousands of client number system. A client can simultaneously monitor multiple remote data image collector, but any time a remote image data collector can only be a client access.
5.9.2, instant pictures, data information management
Monitoring of server management software with perfect function, application platform and provides a basis for large capacity real-time graphic information, on-site data integrated management.
5.9.3, user privilege management
Image monitoring client to access remote data image collector need to verify the user's identity, the system defines two user identity: administrator and normal user. The administrator user can set configuration parameters modify monitoring, ordinary users can browse the images
5.9.4, picture management, perfect retrieval function
Image data monitoring client can realize the access to the historical data, image retrieval, digital image processing, comparative analysis and abnormal warning.
5.9.5 system structure, flexible, support for Web application
Data image monitoring server can run release procedures based on the network web, monitoring personnel located in different places convenient query relevant real-time image data and historical image data.
5.9.6, remote equipment working state monitoring and early warning function
Image monitoring client can realize the monitoring and the working state of the remote equipment abnormal early warning function. The monitored parameters are: battery voltage, working voltage, the communication interface equipment working state, operating temperature, ambient temperature, the focal length of camera equipment, tripod head deflection angle etc..
Six, the system of main technical parameters
The main technical parameters:
Horizontal rotation: 360 degree continuous rotation
Vertical rotation: 0 degrees -90 degrees without blind zone
Rotation: horizontal transmission 12 degrees /s vertical transmission 12 degrees /s
Rotation angle: horizontal / vertical adjustable
Structure: the ceiling, aluminum alloy shell
The ball machine movement: aluminum alloy
The global upper cover: Super ABS/ metal optional
The world under the hood: Polypropylene
Working temperature: -20 degrees C to 50 degrees C
Potter rate: 1200/2400/4800/9600
The authentication level: sealed with waterproof IP66 standard
Input voltage: DC12V or AC220V power supply
Decoding functions: automatic recognition, built-in decoding, multi protocol
Weight: 3.3kg

 

图像监控系统特点
 鉴于目前电力设备监控缺乏、被盗严重，我公司开发这款图像监控系统，具有如下10大特点：
高清晰数字图片即时获取
系统高稳定性，保证设备正常运转
远端可拍，近端可控
实时采集现场数据
清晰红外夜视功能
超强防寒、镜头自动除霜功能
电源管理功能
便捷的太阳能供电方式
支持集成，可扩展性
强大的图像监控终端
 
夜视远距效果
 
便捷的太阳能供电方式
5.1、特点一
系统高稳定性，保证设备正常运转
   远程数据图像采集器主机芯片德国进口，所有器件采用工业级、低功耗、高稳定性的ARM嵌入式处理器设计；在软件上使用稳定的、精简的嵌入linux操作系统内核版本和具备写平衡的文件系统，使得系统具备性能稳定、安全可靠的高效特性，满足长时间、不间断工作而免维护的需求。
5.2、特点
高清晰数字图片即时获取 
 
                                                                                                       图片效果
5.3、特点三
高清晰红外夜视功能，实用可靠
5.3、特点四
远端可拍，近端可控
   图像监控客户端连接互联网后，可通过监控服务器的中转实时向远程数据图像采集器发送摄像头变焦、云台角度偏转等指令，对摄像机进行控制。
 
                                         
 
                               图1,图2 分别为摄距10米变焦白,夜视效果

 
5.5、特点五
实时采集现场数据
 通过在线轮询和突发事件主动上传方式，在系统管理软件的控制下，将远端设备采集到的现场各种数据实时的发送至监控中心。
5.6、特点六
便捷的供电方式及管理电源功能
5.7、特点七
超强防寒、镜头自动除霜功能
远程数据图像采集器通过对环境温度的监测可自动调节设备工作温度，有效的防止摄像机镜头及外罩的结霜。
5.8、特点八
支持集成，可扩展性
   远程数据图像采集器提供了丰富的标准通信接口（如：网络、RS232、RS485、USB及监测输入端子等），可与数据采集、报警联动等外部设备集成，实现各种定制功能需求；系统服务器端采用开放的架构构造，可方便地从数据、业务、应用等多个层面与第三方系统集成应用，提供了增强的可扩展性支持。
5.9、特点九
 强大的图像监控终端、支持网管中心统一遥控管理，具有电子地图功能
5.9.1、监控容量
    系统可支持多达上千台的远程数据图像采集器装机容量和上千个客户端用户数量。一个客户端可同时监控多台远程数据图像采集器，但任一时刻一台远程数据图像采集器只能被一个客户端访问。
5.9.2、即时图片、数据信息综合管理
   功能完善的监控服务器管理软件，为大容量的即时图文信息、现场数据的综合管理提供基础的应用平台。
5.9.3、用户的权限管理
   图像监控客户端对远程数据图像采集器进行访问需要进行用户身份的验证，系统定义了两种用户身份：管理员用户和普通用户。管理员用户可以设置修改监控的配置参数，普通用户只能进行图像的浏览
5.9.4、完善的图片管理、检索功能
   数据图像监控客户端可实现对历史图像数据的存取、检索、图像数字处理、对比分析及异常情况预警。
5.9.5、系统结构灵活，支持Web应用
  数据图像监控服务器可运行基于网络的web发布程序，方便位于不同地点的监视人员查询相关实时图像数据和历史图像数据。
5.9.6、远端设备工作状态监测、预警功能
    图像监控客户端可以实现对远端设备工作状态的监测、异常情况预警等功能。被监视的参数有：蓄电池电压、设备工作电压、各通信接口工作状态、设备工作温度、环境温度、摄像机焦距、云台偏转角度等。
六、系统主要技术参数
主要技术参数：
水平转动：360°连续旋转
垂直转动：0°-90°无盲区
旋转速度：水平变速12°/s垂直变速12°/s
旋转角度：水平/垂直可调
结   构：吸顶壳、铝合金
球机机芯：铝合金
全球上罩：超强ABS/金属可选
全球下罩：聚丙烯
工作温度：-20°C～50°C 
波 特 率：1200/2400/4800/9600
认证等级：密封采用IP66防水标准
输入电压：DC12V或AC220V电源供电
解码功能：自动识别、内置解码、多协议
重   量：3.3kg